# nobel table

| yr   | subject    | winner                      |
| ---- | ---------- | --------------------------- |
| 1960 | Chemistry  | Willard F. Libby            |
| 1960 | Literature | Saint-John Perse            |
| 1960 | Medicine   | Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet |
| 1960 | Medicine   | Peter Madawar               |
|      |            | ...                         |

## Apostrophe

Find all details of the prize won by EUGENE O'NEILL

```php
SELECT *
FROM nobel
WHERE winner = 'EUGENE O''NEILL';
```

Note: Escaping single quotes

You can't put a single quote in a quote string directly. You can **use two single quotes within a quoted string**.

## Chemistry and Physics last

Show the 1984 winners and subject ordered by subject and winner name; but list Chemistry and Physics last.

```php
SELECT winner, subject
FROM nobel
WHERE yr = 1984
ORDER BY subject IN ('Chemistry','Physics'), subject, winner;
```

Note: The expression **subject IN ('Chemistry','Physics')** can be used as a value - it will be **0** or **1**. Here we order by this value first, such that Chemistry and Physics stay at the last.

## The amount of years where no Medicine awards were given

```php
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT yr) 
FROM nobel
WHERE yr NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT yr FROM nobel WHERE subject = 'Medicine');
```


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